Factors that influence the severity of post-stroke depression

AIM The aim of this paper was to investigate whether the extent of neurological impairment, the location of ischemic lesions due to stroke are associated with the severity of post-stroke depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 82 patients, who were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and post-stroke depression and were admitted to the Neurology Clinic of Cluj-Napoca County Emergency Hospital between 2009 and 2011. A head MRI was performed with a 1.5 Tesla. Psychometric assessment was performed by using several scales, including the Beck Depression Inventory and the Mini-Mental State Examination. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living were used to produce a complete neurological assessment. RESULTS Patients with severe depression had a lower score on the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) and higher scores for the Barthel index, NIHSS and MMSE. A stroke located in the basal nuclei increased the probability of severe depression. The patients with fewer lesions (1-2) had a greater chance of developing mild or moderate depression compared to the patients with 3-4 lesions. A frontal localization of the stroke was almost twice as common in patients with severe depression. If the stroke affected the left hemisphere, there was a higher probability of severe depression. In multivariate analysis, a basal nuclei lesion, a left hemisphere stroke location, and an NIHSS score >11 were all independently associated with severe depression. CONCLUSION The location of the stroke and the NIHSS score could be related to the severity of post-stroke depression. Abbreviations: NIHSS = The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; QQL = Quality of life Scale; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; PSD = Post-stroke depression; MRI = Magnetic resonance imaging.